Bleach Wiki:Translation Corner

The Translation Corner is a place where a group of users can get together and help maintain the wiki by keeping it up to date on the actual translations of the various names, abilities, techniques and etc. found in the Bleach Universe.

Associate Members

 * Adam Restling
 * MarqFJA

The imperative inflection of Japanese verbs
Since I see some confusion lingering on these, I thought a (*hopefully*) quick guide on them could help. This is related to, and for a greater part duplicates, my post here in the other place where the imperative conjugation is involved. I thought it wise to post one in both places because, though related, the two topics aren't immediately apprehensible to the browser as being related.

As in many other languages, Japanese verbs inflect to reflect mood, tense etc. The moods that concern us most with both Shinigami and Arrancar Zanpakutou release calls are the indicative and the imperative.

Most Zanpakutou release calls are in the imperative mood: the wielder is commanding the Zanpakutou to manifest in its normal, unsealed form with the call. The form the inflection takes also depends upon what kind of verb it is: consonant-stem, vowel-stem, or irregular.

Though the only consonant Japanese words can end with in modern times is n, the verbal stem, being a stem and not a true, full word, is analyzed as ending in a consonant before it receives the appropriate suffix. Please note also that some consonant-stems are hard to tell from identical looking vowel-stems--e.g. some verbs ending in -ru are the former, some the latter--and these should be looked up individually. Also, some verbs which ostensibly end in a vowel, such as iu "say, speak," are classed as consonant-stems, with the consonant manifesting as a w < u in derived forms, such as the negative i w anai "not say/speak" (stem iw- + negative consonant-stem verbal suffix -anai).

For consonant-stem verbs, the imperative is formed by adding -e to the stem

ex: Momo Hinamori's hajike, imperative of hajiku (stem hajik-) "snap, flip" (transitive)

For vowel-stem verbs, the imperative is forming by adding -ro to the stem

ex. Aizen's kudakero, imperative of kudakeru (stem kudake-) "break" (intransitive)

For irregular verbs the forms are, as the name suggests, irregular:

kuru "come" forms its imperative in koi; its stem, though, is usually ki-

suru "do" (also used to make nouns, especially foreign-derived nouns, into verbs, e.g. aisuru "love" [verb] < ai "love" [noun]) forms its imperative as either shiro or seyo (cf. the release call of Tatsufusa Enjouji's Houzan, ranbu seyo "dance madly" [ran "wild, mad, crazed" + bu dance + seyo]); its stem is usually shi-

There are some exceptions to these rules amongst the Shinigami. One of the most notable is Shunsui Kyouraku's Katen Kyoukotsu, whose release call includes verbs in the gerund (midarete "swirling/swirl[s]" < midareru "swirl, churn, be in disorder or chaos"), the infinitive (naki "singing/sing[s]" < naku "sing; make a sound [animals]"), and plain present indicative (warau "laugh[s]"). However, most seem to use the imperative.

Please note also that Japanese, being the language of a society in which social class and formal mien is deeply engrained, also has many levels of usage for words, including verbs, depending upon whether one is amongst friends in a casual environment, or with a superior etc. (cf. how in English, you probably wouldn't call the big boss "dude!" XD). In Japanese, thus, usage of the plain forms of words is considered informal and, especially, the plain imperative or command forms are considered quite rude--commands in a society that so-values politeness are unsurprisingly prickly. However, most/all the Zanpakutou release calls we have so far are in the plain imperative (or indicative) forms. Perhaps a subtle nod to the informal and intimate relationship one shares with its wielder (at least for Shinigami)... ?

At any rate, it's those plain forms I've discussed above. If you've any questions, please let me know either here, or in replies to this very topic section.

EDIT: Sorry, I realized that when referring to a "flower wind," midarete is better translated "swirling," like flurries of snow or wind, then it is by "churning" :) . Since either may refer to turbid confusion or roiling activity, what was being so described should dictate which of the semi-synonymous verbs is used. Adam Restling 11:03, March 27, 2010 (UTC)

Resurrección translations.
The Japanese Kanji for Ulquiorra's second Resurrección, as well as Tousen's Resurrección, both translate as "Swords Release" rather than "Returning Blade" in the case of the usual Resurrección. Meaning there is a difference.

This info should be on both the Resurrección and Tousen Pages. It's on Uquiorra's page, but it isn't pointed out clear enough.

Go check the RAW manga pages yourself. This is not speculation. You seem to be to lazy to check yourself so why are you assuming I don't check my facts?

帰刃 - return blade

レスレクシオン - Resurrección

刀剣解放第二階層 - sword release second level

レスレクシオン・セグンダ・エターパ - Resurrección Segunda Etapa

刀剣解放 - sword release

レスレクシオン - Resurrección

Retrieved from "http://bleach.wikia.com/wiki/User_talk:Salubri" Tari101190 20:58, December 11, 2009 (UTC)

Tari is correct, as I also noted in one of my posts to Minato yesterday. An excerpt:

It's also worth noting that whereas most times, Resurrección (帰刃 (レスレクシオン) Resurekushion) has the underlying kanji "return blade," when Tousen says "Resurrección" in this ch. 385, the underlying kanji are "sword release" (刀剣解放 (レスレクシオン))--exactly as they were in the underlying kanji of Ulquiorra's Resurrección (Segunda Etapa)!

For the full post and details: http://bleach.wikia.com/wiki/User_talk:Minato88#You_said_you_were_confused_about_Tousen.27s_Resurrecion.3F

As Tari and I pointed out, the normal underlying kanji of Resurrección is changed from "return blade" to "sword release" when used for Ulquiorra's Resurrección Segunda Etapa and Tousen's special hybrid/"Visored" Resurrección. Not sure how you'd want to note this in the actual "Resurrección" article itself, but it is interesting, and so probably worth some explanation in that article.

As for being "lazy," Tari, I doubt it's the case. Some don't have access to the necessary linguistic resources or data/guide web sites, and even if they do, they may fall victim to mistakes or misinformation some of the less-accurate of such resources abound in--especially if they lack the background in Japanese to be able to tell what's correct. I sometimes have trouble finding raws, as many of them must be acquired through the hassle of downloads and perusal of hundreds of pages of manga (since tankoubon and other arrangements can affect page # etc.). We that can, or have an easier time with it, do because we can, even if parts of the quest can be taxing. Adam Restling 06:42, December 12, 2009 (UTC)

Thanks Adam, this is significant enough that it should be noted in the trivia section. What it means if anything is anyone guess, but more or less the meaning of resurreccion may have changed for all we know. Whats interesting to note is that japanese writing uses kanji which are ideographs from chinese characters. While they are both different in the word resurreccion as you have noted the katakana is still the same for both. Weird even though i already know kanji signifys nouns, adjectives, verbs and japanese names while katakana is just used for syllables and foreign names and words as well as animals, plants and what have you. Salubri (Talk)  06:53, December 12, 2009 (UTC)

Kaname Tosen's Resurreccion
The spanish translation for Grillar Grillo means "coruscating cricket," so why is it that it says "Bell Cricket, Hundred Style." 月光ヒレ 02:09, December 12, 2009 (UTC)

See Talk:Kaname_Tōsen. Twocents  (Talk)  02:11, December 12, 2009 (UTC)

Just one quick addendum: the underlying kanji of Grillar Grillo in the present article were accidentally placed in the column for "release command" together with Suzumushi Hyakushiki. The way it should be is:

column: Release command

Suzumushi Hundred-Style (清虫百式 Suzumushi Hyakushiki)

column: Resurrección

Grillar Grillo (狂枷蟋蟀 (グリジャル・グリージョ) Gurijaru Gurījo)

column: Spanish for

"Chirping Cricket"

column: Japanese for

"Crazed-shackle Cricket"

In the above, you may translate Suzumushi as Bell Cricket, or keep it as Suzumushi (since it's his Zanpakutou's name). Lemme know what you choose. For more details (if wanted), still check here: http://bleach.wikia.com/wiki/User_talk:Minato88#You_said_you_were_confused_about_Tousen.27s_Resurrecion.3F

Of course, we have no idea if Suzumushi Hyakushiki is the release call, or if it's just the preface to the release's actual name. Tousen has always been an odd bird like this. For example, you'd think Suzumushi's release call to Shikai was "chime" (nake), but that seemed less like a release and more like the command to send out that hypersonic wave that knocked out Ishida. And then he says "Suzumushi Nishiki: Benihikou" to perform one move, and then "Suzumushi Tsuishiki: Enma Koorogi" to release his Bankai. But, until we get better data, it's probably safe to keep calling "Suzumushi Hyakushiki" the (de facto) release command. Adam Restling 07:02, December 12, 2009 (UTC)

Can't we all assume that Tosen's release command for his Resurreccion is the exact same for his Shikai: Cry' (鳴け, nake). superlogan7437 23:35, December 15, 2009 (UTC)

We can't really assume that since he has only said "Suzumushi Hyakushiki-- Grillar Grillo". He did not necessarily command for the release, he immediately released it. "Suzumushi Hyakushiki, Grillar Grillo" is the name of the release, but no part of it is the actual command. --Gold3263301 00:52, December 16, 2009 (UTC)

In my own personal opinion, I don't think the release command should be Suzumushi Hyakushiki. If you think about it, it is very irregular for a release command to be a noun (which Suzumushi Hyakushiki is one). It might be an exception, but I wouldn't state the release command to be "Suzumushi Hyakushiki" just yet unless it is absolutely made sure that it is an exception due to "special" conditions. --Gold3263301 00:59, December 16, 2009 (UTC)


 * It doesn't matter what we think guys. Whether we like it or not, or whether its sounds right or not doesn't matter. He used "Suzumushi Hyakushiki" as his release command. Noun, Verb, Adjective, it doesn't matter. Kanames commands and fighting abilities have been weird ever since his fight with Kenpachi. Anyway, until we have reason to believe otherwise, "Suzumushi Kyakushiki" remains his release command. Minato  (Talk)  01:10, December 16, 2009 (UTC)

Baraggan, Findor Carias, Ggio Vega and Poww's Resurreccións, (possible) mistakes
1. "滅亡の斧" does not translate into "Downfallen Axe"; rather, it translates into "Axe of Extinction". It both makes more sense than the original "translation" and fits with his Grim Reaper theme.

2. The pronunciations Pinzagūda and Tiguresutōku makes me think that the intended Roman-letter spelling is Pinzaguda and Tigrestoque, not Pinza Aguda and Tigre Estoque, since that last ones should logically be pronounced Pinza Agūda and Tiguru Esutōku.

3. The kanji gloss given for Calderón, 巨腕鯨, literally translate to giant (巨), arm (腕) and whale (鯨), respectively, so I'd say that the entire kanji name is supposed to mean "Giant Armed Whale", or "Armed Giant Whale"/"Gigantic Armed Whale" (to avoid confusion with "Giant-Armed Whale"). If "Giant Whale's Arms" was the intended meaning, then it should've been 巨鯨腕, not 巨腕鯨. MarqFJA 02:16, March 3, 2010 (UTC)

Pinza Aguda and Tigre Estoque are alright the way they are. Remember that Arrancar Resurreccions are based off on Spanish words, in this case Sharp Pincer and Tiger Rapier respectively, whereas your suggested Pinzaguda and Tigrestoque are not spanish words. Romanization is a complicated matter, if we went directly with the Katakana, Szayel's name would be Zaeruapolo instead of Szayel Aporro. There are different ways of interpreting Katakana and Hiragana, depending on the context and the mangaka, you shouldn't really take the kana's so literally. Lia Schiffer 03:03, March 3, 2010 (UTC)

I know all that. But I was thinking that maybe Kubo put the pronunciations that way to give us a hint that the names are supposed to be portmanteaux (in the Resurreccion's case) / composite names (in Szayel's case, i.e. "Szayel-Apporo", kinda like many French and Spanish given names). MarqFJA 03:15, March 3, 2010 (UTC)

It's difficult to say, but for those specific Resurreccions, their names are said in two parts in the anime. The idea of Kubo using portmanteaux is interesting, and it is quite a coincidence that the only two Zanpakuto that follow that contain two words (pronouns excluded) follow that pattern. Unlike Arrancar names, Kubo's never spelled out a Resurreccion's name in plain English, so it's hard to say. Mohrpheus 01:19, March 5, 2010 (UTC)

Update: added Barragan's Gran Caida.

I have those two parts, and the pronunciation used supports my arugment. I think that's enough justification to alter the spelling for now, until an official one is actually given; don't you think?

And is it just me, or is everyone pointedly ignoring the part about Calderón? MarqFJA 21:25, March 5, 2010 (UTC)

I don't understand your point on Gran Caida. Are you arguing pronunciation or meaning? And I didn't touch your point about Calderón because I'm not well-versed in Kanji interpretation, so there was nothing I could add onto that, I just went fair straight to Pinza Aguda and Tigre Estoque, and again I'm strongly sure that they're meant to stay as separate words. It wouldn't be the first time a zanpakuto has long name, take Katen Kyokotsu or Sogyo no Kotowari. And many Arrancar attacks and techniques have long names, take Lanzador Verde, Ola Azul, Cero Oscuras, Lanza del Relámpago, to name a few. I'm a natural Spanish speaker, let's leave the Spanish words the way they are instead of trying to tweak them based on Romanization that has proved to be tricky more than once. That's my opinion on the matter. Lia Schiffer 03:28, March 9, 2010 (UTC)

I fail to see how my point on Gran Caida concerns its pronunciation when it's revolving completely around the kanji. And you could just consult Wiktionary or any available online Japanese translator; I recommend Tangorin.com, which also has a dedicated forum.

On another note, while I wouldn't argue about your examples, there's a simple fact that you're missing (aside from the other fact that none of their pronunciations even suggest that they are intended to be portmanteaux): In virtually all Hollow/Arrancar ability/Zanpakutou multiple-word names, whenever the words are supposed to be separate, there's an interpunct (・) that separates the relevant kana. The only exceptions to that involve definite articles in the beginning of the name, such as Los Lobos and Del Toro, which Tite Kubo seems to have decided to treat as part of the word they are affixed to (personally, I think that's a plausible approach). Pinzagūda and Tiguresutōku do not have interpuncts separating any of their kana, in addition to the whole pronunciation thing. MarqFJA 11:24, March 9, 2010 (UTC)

Gran Caida is more contentious, as the genitive particle no is also used extensively to form adjectives from nouns (cf. the discussion on Sode no Shirayuki). Thus, while more *literally* "axe of downfall/ruin", the kanji can also mean "downfall(en)/ruin(ed) (adj.) axe (noun)," and there's no way save from Kubo we can confirm exactly which was meant. 滅 metsu can stand for either "ruin, fell (something)" or passive "be ruined, fall down, a downfall"; 滅亡 metsubou means "downfall, ruin," and seems generally to be passive "a being ruined/felled."

The kanji of Calderón as "giant-armed whale" is correct, based on their order you cited.

Though Tigre~ should be Japanese Tigure, you're right that Kubo goofs these (e.g. Cero Doble  where it should be Japanese Dobure but Kubo writes Doburu). His lack of an interpunct in these is odd, because as was said above, it *should* really be Pinza Aguda and Tigre Estoque, and Kubo usually saves his "portmanteaux" for the wacky Hollow names. Difficult to tell. I would elect to keep them as is, just as I would to keep the spelling of Arturo Plateado's sword, even though Kubo wrote it as though it were Spanish Feniche. Besides, I don't think there are words like *Guda and *Stoque existing in real Spanish, so if we smashed the renderings together as *Pinzaguda and Tigrestoque, we'd have produced nonsensical pseudo-words while, again, Kubo mainly sticks to real (if sometimes misspelled) Spanish--at least for Hollow swords and techniques. Adam Restling 10:15, March 25, 2010 (UTC)

I don't think the context allows for the kanji to mean Downfallen/Ruined Axe; I mean, the axe itself doesn't look decreipt or something, right? And 滅亡 metsubou does mean "extinction" in addition to "downfall, ruin, destruction". Aren't we supposed to go with the choice that is most plausible/sensible in the absence of other evidence?

Re. Doble: Wow, I never knew that. This puts things in a slightly new perspective.

Re. Arturo Plateado: Is Feniche even a word? Boy, either Kubo's taking a little too much artistic license or he has worse knowledge of Spanish than I thought. BTW, how did you guys come to conclusion that it should be spelled Fénix? MarqFJA 11:53, March 25, 2010 (UTC)

Well, Baraggan's release call is "rot" (intransitive), i.e. not "rot something," but commanding one to "rot" itself. And he turns into a desiccated skeleton. So I think "downfallen/ruined axe" is more appropriate, because it epitomizes Baraggan and his weapon as the great specter of the ruin that looks like has struck him (his own decayed-looking body) and which will then be spread (Respira, anyone?) upon his foes like a pestilence: they will join him in "ruin." Metsubou is not glossed "extinction" with any currency; "extinction" is usually glossed for danzetsu, haizetsu, shoutou, inmetsu or zetsumetsu--though the last two indeed include metsu, the compound metsubou ([be] destroy[ed]-die) itself is usually used of something's disastrous collapse or ruin (intransitive/passive), as I said earlier.

Fenic(h)e does not seem to be a real Spanish word. They chose Fénix "phoenix" on this site and Wikipedia because of a) the underlying kanji 不滅王 "undying/indestructible king" (the phoenix is immortal by resurrecting itself--and yes, that is 滅 metsu again in 不滅 fumetsu "not-being destroyed"), b) his Resurreccion includes wings (the phoenix was a mythic bird), and c) there is no current Spanish word *Fenic(h)e and so Kubo's phonetic rendering Fenīche was taken as an error.

This last point is of no great controversy, as examples like Doble above show. Compare also Kubo's phonetic rendering of Harribel's technique Cascada. Though based on Spanish cascada, this is pronounced (roughly) "kahs-KAH-dah," whereas Kubo's katakana spelling カスケーダ Kasukēda has apparently blended the pronunciation with the English cognate cascade (roughly "kas-KAYD"), with the -kē- part sounding almost like "kay," not Spanish "kah." Not to mention, say, rendering Spanish Quinto (Espada) as Kuinto when the Spanish word begins not with the sound kw but k--this last also shows Kubo's mixing of Spanish genders (quinto is masculine "fifth" while espada "sword" is classed a feminine noun). Adam Restling 03:44, March 26, 2010 (UTC)

Just a little word on Fénix/Feniche. Feniche means Phoenix in Italian, but the Italian pronunciation would be roughly Feh-nee-keh (though, just like Nnoitra's Quinto, we know how much Kubo minds pronunciations). So it means the same as Fénix in Spanish. And the words "Guda" and "Stoque" don't really exist in Spanish (that's what I've been trying to say all the way, for the love of Ulqui...) Lia Schiffer 04:05, March 26, 2010 (UTC)

Makes sense. And again, while we know Kubo massively distorts and stylizes real words/names to produce the exotic, single-language-transcending names of his Hollows and Arrancar, he sticks to real Spanish (mispronounced/misgendered though it may be) for their techniques and stuff, so it wouldn't make sense for him to suddenly, say, go Italiano on a word or two. The lack of interpuncts and mashing-together of the words is odd. My best explanation is that Kubo tried to "cheat," since the first words of each technique name end in the same vowel that the second words begin with: thus Pinza Aguda gets "shorthanded" > Pinsagūda instead of Pinsa・Agūda, and Tigre Estoque likewise > Tigurestōku instead of Tigure・Esutōku--note, of course, that the rendering of -que as katakana -ku here is another mistake, as the closer-to-Spanish rendering would be -ke. Adam Restling 05:08, March 26, 2010 (UTC)

I keep getting "extinction" as a possible translation for either "滅亡" or "metsubou" whenever I google them; maybe it's figurative. In any case, if Downfallen was actually referring to Baraggan, then it could've made sense, but it refers to the weapon that he uses in his Resurreccion form. MarqFJA 10:40, March 26, 2010 (UTC)

Then mayhaps the more ostensible meaning of no--the genitive rather than the adjectival--is best, sic. "Axe of Ruin/Downfall." After all, Gran Caida's purpose against enemies, especially in line with Baraggan's theme of decay, is to "fell" his foes, even as Respira is to rot and "ruin" them. In light of these considerations, I would recommend the translation "Axe of Ruin." And that's odd, Marq: the first hit I got when I googled metsubou indeed gives it as "downfall, ruin," as does my usual, trustworthy Japanese-English online translator and my copy of Nelson's The Modern Reader's Japanese-English Character Dictionary. I don't know why you keep getting "extinction/destruction" as the sense with primacy, rather than as a secondary, broader sense. But, then, I suppose any word with a meaning having to do with "destruction" could be construed to have this broader sense or that narrower sense without much ado. However, really, the general usage of metsubou is for specifically "downfall, ruin," with other words (cf. my list above) being used, similarly specifically, for "extinction." Adam Restling 04:38, March 28, 2010 (UTC)

Axe of Ruin' it is, then. Now, do we have to wait for a mod to second this suggestion, or what? MarqFJA 07:17, March 28, 2010 (UTC)

Not usually; you two know a lot more about this than the rest of us, so imo I think we can trust you to do things like this without our say-so.TomServo101 11:25, March 28, 2010 (UTC)

Murcielago's release command, alternate interpetation
While "鎖す" (tozasu) does translate literally as "bind", I recently found another possible meaning for it, via the synonymous and homophonous 閉ざす (tozasu) (source: Tangorin.com, and confirmed by Google search results). While the latter also has the same literal meaning, it also acts as an Japanese idiomatic phrase meaning "(to) plunge (in grief)".

I always thought it was odd that Ulquiorra's release command seemingly did not have even a remote relevance to his zanpakutou's name, its powers or himself. In light of the above, however, it all becomes more sensible: The reveal of his Resurreccions "true" form, the Segunda Etapa, is preceded by him saying that he'll show Ichigo "true despair'" - essentially "plunging" Ichigo into "grief" as he realizes the hopelessness of opposing Ulquiorra. MarqFJA 22:05, March 23, 2010 (UTC)

Ulquiorra's release command was matter for discussion since it first came out in the manga, since the verb Tozasu can be translated as "to close, to lock, to enchain", and the Cnet translation was actually Enchain, but I'm not really sure as to why we kept Bind as the official translation, check Ulquiorra's discussion page. But the one you're proposing uses a different writing than the one used by Tite Kubo, and since this is so far a written manga and not a spoken anime, the fact that they're homophones is not really relevant, but the writing is very different, so I doubt that's what Kubo intended to be the release command. Lia Schiffer 03:46, March 24, 2010 (UTC)

I wouldn't have bothered if it was only a homophone, but it is both that and a synonym. Everywhere I checked, the two kanji's verb forms have the same pronunciation and the same meaning of "bind, enchain, shackle". This reminded me of how some kanji burrowed pronunciations and/or meanings from others, and makes me suspect that we are faced with a similar case. It may be that Kubo decided to use a less common kanji for the verb instead of the usual one. MarqFJA 10:36, March 24, 2010 (UTC)


 * We will only use what Kubo wrote, no matter how odd it may seem to anyone. Since he wrote 鎖せ (this article and his character article give the kanji as 鎖せ, not 鎖す as you say above), we will use that and its translation. Nothing else. And as to the oddness of the word, Ulquiorra says something about sealing away Ichigo's life just before boring a hole through his chest . -- Yyp (Talk) 10:51, March 24, 2010 (UTC)


 * Like Adam says in the post below, 鎖せ is the imperative form of 鎖す, so I'm still using what Kubo wrote. What is at issue here is the intended meaning. I don't see what "sealing" has to do with "binding", or how Ulquiorra's comment is relevant to the release command. All he did was use a Cero Oscuras; at least Zommari's Amor "suppressed" his enemies' control of their body parts, and Szayel's "sip" command easily pertain to the rather disturbing way he releases his zanpakutou. MarqFJA 12:51, March 24, 2010 (UTC)

Yes, when read tozasu, these are interchangeable. If it were up to me, I would translate it "enclose" because--though no single word can cover both the ostensible meaning "close, shut" and "plunge (someone) in grief," I think "enclose" comes closest to the original and the figurative (i.e. grief/despair enveloping someone, suffocating them, as might the black wings of the devil ;) ). But, for the above reasons, I wouldn't just use "envelop" as that's too far from "close, shut," etc. So I would do tozasu (imperative form tozase) as "enclose." Adam Restling 11:19, March 24, 2010 (UTC)


 * Exactly. Translating it as enclose does work too. MarqFJA 12:51, March 24, 2010 (UTC)

The imperative inflection of Japanese verbs
Since I see some confusion lingering on these, I thought a (*hopefully*) quick guide on them could help. I plan to put a copy of this post in the other place where the imperative conjugation is involved, the Zanpakutou talk page.

As in many other languages, Japanese verbs inflect to reflect mood, tense etc. The moods that concern us most with both Shinigami and Arrancar Zanpakutou release calls are the indicative and the imperative.

Most Zanpakutou release calls are in the imperative mood: the wielder is commanding the Zanpakutou to manifest in its normal, unsealed form with the call. The form the inflection takes also depends upon what kind of verb it is: consonant-stem, vowel-stem, or irregular.

Though the only consonant Japanese words can end with in modern times is n, the verbal stem, being a stem and not a true, full word, is analyzed as ending in a consonant before it receives the appropriate suffix. Please note also that some consonant-stems are hard to tell from identical looking vowel-stems--e.g. some verbs ending in -ru are the former, some the latter--and these should be looked up individually. Also, some verbs which ostensibly end in a vowel, such as iu "say, speak," are classed as consonant-stems, with the consonant manifesting as a w < u in derived forms, such as the negative i w anai "not say/speak" (stem iw- + negative consonant-stem verbal suffix -anai).

For consonant-stem verbs, the imperative is formed by adding -e to the stem

ex: Ulquiorra's tozase, imperative of tozasu (stem tozas-) "enclose, close, shut"

For vowel-stem verbs, the imperative is forming by adding -ro to the stem

ex. Yammy's buchikirero, imperative of buchikireru (stem buchikire-) (colloquial) "be(come) enraged, flip out, fly off the handle, lose it (one's temper)"

For irregular verbs the forms are, as the name suggests, irregular:

kuru "come" forms its imperative in koi; its stem, though, is usually ki-

suru "do" (also used to make nouns, especially foreign-derived nouns, into verbs, e.g. aisuru "love" [verb] < ai "love" [noun]) forms its imperative as either shiro or seyo (cf. the release call of Tatsufusa Enjouji's Houzan, ranbu seyo "dance madly" [ran "wild, mad, crazed" + bu dance + seyo]); its stem is usually shi-

Please note also that Japanese, being the language of a society in which social class and formal mien is deeply engrained, also has many levels of usage for words, including verbs, depending upon whether one is amongst friends in a casual environment, or with a superior etc. (cf. how in English, you probably wouldn't call the big boss "dude!" XD). In Japanese, thus, usage of the plain forms of words is considered informal and, especially, the plain imperative or command forms are considered quite rude--commands in a society that so-values politeness are unsurprisingly prickly. However, most/all the Zanpakutou release calls we have so far are in the plain imperative (or indicative) forms. Perhaps a subtle nod to the informal and intimate relationship one shares with its wielder (at least for Shinigami)... ?

At any rate, it's those plain forms I've discussed above. If you've any questions, please let me know either here, or in replies to this very topic section. Adam Restling 11:03, March 27, 2010 (UTC)