Arrancar

An Arrancar (アランカル, arankaru?) is a Hollow that has removed its mask and gained Shinigami powers. The name "Arrancar" is a Spanish verb meaning "to remove" or "to rip off," a reference to an arrancar's removal of its Hollow mask. The Arrancar become the primary antagonists during the second half of the series as they start being led by ex-shinigami captain, Sōsuke Aizen and his associates, Gin Ichimaru and Kaname Tōsen, all of whom serve as Bleach's lead antagonists, especially Aizen.

Overview
Few Hollows have the potential to remove their masks normally, and even if they manage it the change is not significant. Sōsuke Aizen is able to artificially create Arrancar with the Orb of Distortion, which also unlocks much more of their potential than a natural transformation would. The process of turning a Hollow into an Arrancar is called shinigamification.

Arrancar and ordinary Hollows differ in two ways: the location of their holes and the near-total disappearance of their masks. When Hollows become Arrancar, the chances of them retaining a humanoid form increase with their intelligence; only vasto lorde-class Arrancar will definitely assume a humanoid form. If powerful enough, an Arrancar can seal his or her excess power into the form of a zanpakutō.

Unlike with Shinigami, this zanpakutō is simply the Hollow's true form sealed into a sword. Therefore, an arrancar's release of their zanpakutō is merely a temporary restoration of their former selves. Aaroniero and Nnoitra stated that an Espada's released forms are much more powerful than a Número's. This act of release is called resurrección (Spanish for "resurrection"). Arrancar do not have a known second release.

Those arrancar under Aizen's command also have a standard theme for their clothing. Their uniforms consist of a white jacket, black sash, white hakama, and black socks with white sandals; in essence, the uniforms are basically inverted Shinigami uniforms.

Arrancar ranks
are the top-ranked Arrancar in Aizen's army. The Espada at the time of the group's introduction consists of nine males and one female. Each Espada member is chosen for their superior combat ability and then assigned a number from 1 to 10 that indicates their rank and relative power level, which is tattooed somewhere on their body (Grimmjow's is on his lower back, for instance). The Espada are given control over the Números and are regarded as the strongest arrancar in existence. Similar to the power gap between captains and lieutenants in the Gotei 13, the strength of the Espada far surpasses that of the average Número. As Aaroniero Arruruerie notes, all of the Espada except him were at least adjuchas-class menos before becoming arrancar.


 * are former Espada who have officially lost their rank and are assigned a three-digit number. Being former Espada, they are far stronger than the normal Números. They reside in Tres Cifras, which translates literally from Spanish as "three digits". As mentioned by Dordonii, these former "naturally created" Espada were rendered obsolete after Aizen began artificially creating Arrancar to meet his own standards. It was also noted in the manga that Aaroniero Arruruerie was one of the original Espada, but his original number wasn't mentioned since it is possible he was demoted to a lower number in accordance to the arrival of more powerful Espada.

are the combat specialists. They are assigned a two digit number at birth from 11 to 99 to indicate their age (Número 11 is the oldest, Número 99 is the youngest). The basic Número uniform consists of a white-collared jacket and robes held with a black sash. However, the uniform is customizable, giving each Número a sense of individuality. The fighting ability of Números is thought to be superior to all other Arrancar, except for the Espada (current and former).


 * are a subsection of the Números that directly serve a specific Espada. The number of Fracción for any given Espada varies: Stark and Nnoitra Jiruga would seem to have just one, while Szayel Aporro Granz has at least a dozen. There are a few Espada that apparently prefer to fight alone, such as Yammy, Zommari, and Aaroniero, and chose not to have any Fracción under their command.

are Arrancar that are part of the execution division, apparently charged with termination of intruders and rebels. They are the equivalent of Soul Society's Onmitsukidō. Their captain is the bull-headed Rudobon.

Las Noches
Aizen's arrancar reside in Las Noches a massive fortress in Hueco Mundo.

Powers
Like Shinigami, Arrancar have a multitude of combat skills and abilities, some of which are similar to those of the former, and some of which are variations on ordinary Hollow powers.


 * is an arrancar alternative to the cero. The technique hardens the user's spiritual pressure and fires it like a bullet from their fist. It is seriously weaker than a normal cero, it moves about twenty times faster and can be fired at a much higher rate, but the damage is much the same.


 * are high-powered energy blasts that can be fired from various body parts, such as mouth, tongue, hand or fingers. Only Menos, Arrancar, and the Vizards have so far been shown to use cero attacks, and it appears that stronger entities can use it more efficiently. Various arrancar and hollow characters display variants of the technique, such as the Espada-exclusive and Pesshe Gatiishe and Dondochakka Bilstin's.


 * is how arrancar and menos class hollows move to and from Hueco Mundo. Kaname Tōsen and Kisuke Urahara have also demonstrated the ability to use the technique. It literally tears open the dimensional fabric separating the worlds, revealing a tunnel of whirling, torrential energy that must be focused and solidified to create a discernible pathway.


 * refers to the hardened skin of the arrancar, which is a result of their compressed spiritual power. While their skin is strong enough to block even released zanpakutō bare-handed, it is by no means impenetrable. Stronger arrancar have proportionally stronger skin.


 * fields are used to rescue fellow hollows. Only the gillian-class menos have shown the ability to use it. Negación fields surround a target in a square beam of light that isolates the target from the dimension they are currently in, making it impossible to harm them. The field then pulls the target towards the menos that created the field. Espada have a special cube-shaped device called meant to simulate negación fields, which are used to punish their subordinates if necessary. The cube, when used on a subject, traps them in an alternate dimension from which there is no escape; however, this assumes it's being used as intended. More powerful Arrancar, namely the Espada themselves, can escape given enough time.


 * is the Arrancar equivalent of the Shinigami ability to sense Spiritual Pressure. It functions similar to a sonar.


 * is the Arrancar equivalent of the Shinigami flash steps and the Quincy hirenkyaku; it allows the user to travel at incredibly high speeds for short distances. Use of sonído is punctuated by a brief static sound, in contrast to the "swish" sound used for flash steps.

Name Origins
Several of the Arrancar have name origins from Architects or Designers:

Grimmjow - Nicholas Grimmshaw (Architect)

Aaroniero - Eero Aarnio (Designer furniture)

Halibel - Harry Bell Measures (Architect)

Nnoitra - Richard Neutra (Architect) [In japanese Nnoitra is pronounced Noitra very quickly, it sounds like Neutra.]

Luppi - Italo Lupi (Architect)

Stark - Philippe Starck (French Designer)

Ulquiorra - Patricia Urquiola (Architect) and Father Hubert Schiffer (he was a survivor of the bomb of Hiroshima, Tite Kubo is from Hiroshima).

Szayel Aporro - Alejandro Zaera Polo. (Architect)

Dordonii - Rodolfo Dordoni (Architect)

Gantenbainne - (Architect)

Yylfordt - Rabbi Yeruchem Eilfort

Pesche - Gaetano Pesce (Architect and Designer)

Bawabawa - Geoffrey Bawa (Architect)

Tesla - Nikola Tesla (Inventor, Mechanical and Electrical Engineer)

Barragan - Luis Barragan (Architect)