Arrancar

An is a Hollow that has removed its mask and gained Shinigami powers. The name "Arrancar" is a Spanish verb meaning "to remove" or "to rip off," a reference to an Arrancar's removal of its Hollow mask. Following the retrieval of the Hogyoku and Aizen's emergence into Hueco Mundo, the Arrancar have become the main antagonists of the series, especially the Espada.

Overview
Few Hollows have the potential to remove their masks naturally, and even if they manage to do so, the change may not be significant. Sōsuke Aizen is able to artificially create Arrancar with the Hōgyoku, which also unlocks much more of their potential than a natural transformation would. The process of turning a hollow into an arrancar is called Shinigamification.

Arrancar and ordinary hollows differ in several ways:


 * Arrancar assume a humanoid body, as opposed to the animal-like or monstrous forms seen from Hollows. Upon becoming an arrancar, the chances of a hollow retaining a humanoid form increase with their intelligence; only Vasto Lorde-class menos will definitely assume a humanoid form. This new form will retain remnants of their past selves, like fragments of their removed masks and a hollow hole. While some arrancar prefer to conceal these remnants, others hide their faces completely to escape unwanted attention.


 * Arrancar can gain a Zanpakutō. Unlike with shinigami, this zanpakutō is not sentient, but simply their "true" hollow form sealed into a sword. Therefore, an arrancar's release of their zanpakutō is merely a temporary restoration to their former selves, granting them any powers their hollow form possesses. The act of release is called Resurrección (Spanish for "resurrection"), which is activated with a command phrase followed by the name of the sword. The Resurrección of Espada-level Arrancar releases enough power to be comparable to a shinigami's bankai. Few arrancar do not have a zanpakutō, being too weak to seal their excess power into a blade, while others prefer to have it constantly released, as with Iceringer and Demōra.

The arrancar under Aizen's command have a standard theme for their clothing. Their uniforms consist of a white jacket, black sash, white hakama, and black and white shoes that resemble sandals; in essence, the uniforms are basically inverted shinigami uniforms.

While most of the arrancar either develop or retain their own personality traits, the majority (not all) of arrancar shown in the series appear to be similarly proud, cold, cruel, ambitious, impatient, selfish, overconfident, arrogant, boastful, impulsive, brutal, relentless, battle-hungry, overbearing, short-tempered, indifferent, and egotistical.

Though not elaborated upon as of late, not all arrancar residing in Hueco Mundo are loyal to Aizen, though most decided not to interfere with his plans, presumably because of Aizen's immense amount of power. Theoretically, it is for that reason most naturally-evolved arrancar, namely those that relish in battle (like Nnoitra), felt it necessary to align themselves with him; to obtain more power. However, such motivations remain unconfirmed for the majority of the Espada/Aizen-affiliated arrancar army. That said, it's still unclear how many hollows and arrancar joined Aizen in his campaign against the Soul Society, and it is likely that there are more arrancar armies and Espada groups out there in Hueco Mundo, though this remains unconfirmed.

Curiously, although arrancar are hollows who have gained shinigami powers, most still refer to themselves as hollows (Ulquiorra, Zommmari, Grimmjow, etc.)  This is similar to how Ichigo Kurosaki still refers to himself as a Shinigami despite his evolution into a Vizard.

Espada
The Espada are the top-ranked Arrancar in Aizen's army. The Espada at the time of the group's introduction consists of nine males and one female. Each Espada member is chosen for their superior combat ability and then assigned a number from 1 to 10 (with 1 being the strongest, while 10 being the weakest) that indicates their rank and relative power level, which is tattooed somewhere on their body (Grimmjow's is on his lower back, for instance). The Espada are given control over the Números and are regarded as the strongest Arrancar in existence. Similar to the power gap between captains and lieutenants in the Gotei 13, the strength, speed, intelligence, and power of the Espada far surpasses that of the average Número. As Aaroniero Arruruerie notes, all of the Espada except him were at least Adjuchas-class Menos before becoming Arrancar. One of the former Espada that is 3rd rank is Neliel Tu Oderschvank, being very powerful.

Privaron Espada
The Privaron Espada are former Espada who have officially lost their rank and are assigned a three-digit number. Being former Espada, they are far stronger than the normal Números. They reside in the part of Las Noches called Tres Cifras, which translates literally from Spanish as "three digits". As mentioned by Dordonii, these former "naturally created" Espada were rendered obsolete after Aizen began artificially creating Arrancar to meet his own standards. It is also noted that Aaroniero Arruruerie was one of the original Espada, but his original number was not mentioned since it is possible he was demoted to a lower number in accordance to the arrival of more powerful Espada.

Números
These Arrancar are the combat specialists. They are assigned a two digit number at birth from 11 to 99 to indicate their age (Número 11 is the oldest, Número 99 is the youngest). The basic Número uniform consists of a white-collared jacket and robes held with a black sash. However, the uniform is customizable, giving each Número a sense of individuality. The fighting ability of Números is thought to be superior to all other Arrancar, except for the Espada (current and former).

Fracción
The Fracción are a subsection of the Números that directly serve a specific Espada. The number of Fracción for any given Espada varies: Stark and Nnoitra Jiruga would seem to have just one, while Szayel Aporro Granz has at least a dozen. There are a few Espada that apparently prefer to fight alone, such as Yammy, Zommari Leroux, Ulquiorra Schiffer and Aaroniero, seem to have chose not to have any Fracción under their command.

Exequias
The Exequias are Arrancar that are part of the execution division, apparently charged with termination of intruders and rebels. They are the equivalent of Soul Society's Onmitsukidō. Their captain is the bull-headed Rudobōn.

Las Noches
Aizen's Arrancar reside in Las Noches, a massive, white-colored fortress in Hueco Mundo.

Powers
Like Shinigami, Arrancar have a multitude of combat skills and abilities, some of which are similar to those of the former, and some of which are variations on ordinary Hollow powers.


 * is an Arrancar alternative to Cero. The technique hardens the user's Spiritual Pressure and fires it like a bullet from their fist. Although it is weaker than a normal cero, it moves about twenty times faster and can be fired at a much higher rate but the damage is much the same. Stronger Arrancars can also fire a more powerful Bala, while retaining its twentyfold speed.


 * Cero are high-powered energy blasts that can be fired from various body parts, such as mouth, tongue, hand or fingers. Only Menos, Arrancar, and the Vizards have so far been shown to use Cero attacks, and it appears that stronger entities can use it more efficiently. Various Arrancar and Hollow characters display variants of the technique, such as the Espada-exclusive Gran Rey Cero, as well as Cero Sincrético performed by Pesche Guatische and Dondochakka Bilstin.


 * is how Arrancar and Menos-class Hollows move to and from Hueco Mundo. Kaname Tōsen and Kisuke Urahara have also demonstrated the ability to use the technique. It literally tears open the dimensional fabric separating the worlds, revealing a tunnel of whirling, torrential energy that must be focused and solidified to create a discernible pathway.


 * refers to the hardened skin of the Arrancar, which is a result of their compressed spiritual power. While their skin is strong enough to block even released Zanpakutō bare-handed, it is by no means impenetrable. Stronger Arrancar have proportionally stronger skin than usual.


 * fields are used to rescue fellow Hollows. Only the Gillian-class Menos have shown the ability to use it. Negación fields surround a target in a square beam of light that isolates the target from the dimension they are currently in, making it impossible to harm them. The field then pulls the target towards the menos that created the field. Espada have a special cube-shaped device called meant to simulate Negación fields, which are used to punish their subordinates if necessary.  The cube, when used on a subject, traps them in an alternate dimension from which there is no escape; however, this assumes it is being used as intended. More powerful Arrancar, namely the Espada themselves, can escape given enough time.


 * is the Arrancar equivalent of the Shinigami ability to sense Spiritual Pressure. It functions similar to a sonar.


 * is the Arrancar equivalent of the Shinigami Flash Steps and the Quincy Hirenkyaku; it allows the user to travel at incredibly high speeds for short distances. Use of Sonído is punctuated by a brief static sound, in contrast to the "swish" sound caused by Flash Steps.


 * Resurrección: Most arrancar have the ability to seal their power within a Zanpakutō. Upon releasing their Zanpakutō they gain all of their former unique hollow abilities back, similar to resurrecting their old selves. When using the ability, it is a combination of their human form and their hollow form, increasing their power roughly three-tenfold. There is also the Second Stage of the Resurrección.

Name Origins
The nomenclature for several of the Arrancar originate from real-world architects or designers. The following characters have their namesakes shown below, as well as the profession the real-world counterpart is notable for.


 * Stark - Philippe Starck (French Designer)
 * Barragan - Luis Barragan (Mexican Architect)
 * Halibel - Harry Bell Measures (English Architect)
 * Ulquiorra - Patricia Urquiola (Spanish Architect) and Father Hubert Schiffer (he was a survivor of the bomb of Hiroshima, Tite Kubo is from Hiroshima).
 * Nnoitra - Richard Neutra (Austrian-American Architect) [In Japanese Nnoitra is pronounced Noitra very quickly, it sounds like Neutra.]
 * Grimmjow - Nicholas Grimshaw (English Architect)
 * Szayel Aporro - Alejandro Zaera Polo. (Spanish Architect)
 * Aaroniero - Eero Aarnio (Finnish Designer furniture)
 * Luppi - Italo Lupi (Italian Architect)
 * Dordonii - Rodolfo Dordoni (Italian Architect)
 * Gantenbainne - (Architect)
 * Yylfordt - Rabbi Yeruchem Eilfort (American Architect)
 * Tesla - Nikola Tesla (Croatian Inventor, Mechanical and Electrical Engineer)
 * Pesche - Gaetano Pesce (Italian Architect and Designer)
 * Bawabawa - Geoffrey Bawa (Sri Lankan Architect)
 * Cuuhlhourne - Menno van Coehourn (17th century Dutch military architect and chief rival of the Marquis de Vauban)

Shinigami Counterparts
Several of the Arrancar are very similar to certain shinigami by either their roles, personalities, abilities, or relative power level. However, they're not exactly the same, as they also have different traits, personalities, power, roles, and abilities.


 * Stark - Shunsui Kyōraku: are lazy, laid-back, easy-going, honorable, bear similar facial features, and are powerful combatants. They both have female adjutants who care about their leader, despite their actions and usually physically and verbally assault them.
 * Barragan Luisenbarn - Shigekuni Yamamoto-Genryūsai: are old and have a measure of authority, but unlike General Yamamoto, who is humble, self-assured, and powerful, Barragan is arrogant, overconfident, boastful, and egotistical, as all six of his Fracción call him "God/King", despite being the 2nd rank of the Espada, whereas Stark is 1st rank.
 * Halibel - Soifon: are calm, reserved, loyal, and analytical. However, unlike Soifon, Halibel actually shows some concern over her opponents, whereas Soifon cruelly tends to eliminate everyone that defies the Soul Society, regardless of their intentions.
 * Ulquiorra Schiffer
 * Tōshirō Hitsugaya: Both are said to be cold to others, both are young for their respective ranks, serious and powerful (more so for Ulquiorra.) Unlike Tōshirō, Ulquiorra is indifferent, brooding and depressed.
 * Byakuya Kuchiki : Both are respectful of the law, quiet, loyal, and obedient. Ironically, Ichigo had fought with them both, due to Byakuya/Ulquiorra had kidnapped Rukia/Orihime.
 * Nnoitra Jiruga - Kenpachi Zaraki: use brute force in combat, wear eyepatches, and have an overly-violent lust for battle. However, unlike Kenpachi, Nnoitra is a sexist lecher and calls Orihime Inoue "pet-sama".
 * Grimmjow Jeagerjaques - Ichigo Kurosaki: are short-tempered, stubborn, reckless, rude, impulsive, persistent, resourceful, analytical, have an apparent habit of cheating death more than once, and are equally powerful combatants with a twisted sense of honor. However, unlike Ichigo, who fights for his friends, allies, and family, Grimmjow fights for his very own benefits, and does not like being looked down on by others.
 * Zommari LeRoux - Byakuya Kuchiki: use speed in their combat, sonído and shunpo respectively, and are generally silent, calm, somewhat overconfident, and have a small measure of pride, often refusing to accept defeat. However, unlike Byakuya, Zommari is boastful, impatient, and forceful.
 * Szayel Aporro Granz - Mayuri Kurotsuchi: are scientists and are cruel to both their enemies and their allies/minions. However, unlike Mayuri, Szayel tends to think highly and condescendingly of himself, and wishes to see all non-Hollows to be totally wiped out of existence. Szayel Aporro is incredibly quirky and flamboyant and is far more effeminate than Mayuri.
 * Aaroniero Arruruerie - Jūshirō Ukitake: opposites, both dealing with Rukia Kuchiki. Both of them are also capable of manipulating water forces with their zanpakutos.
 * Yammy - Sajin Komamura: are the biggest in their groups and use pure strength. However, unlike Sajin, who is gentle, humble, and honorable, Yammy is somewhat oafish and arrogant.
 * Neliel Tu Oderschvank - Retsu Unohana: are healers and are both disliked by the "warrior" of their rank such as 11th Division dislikes the 4th Division, whereas Nnoitra dislikes Neliel, but the class of both Neliel and Retsu are not exactly the same. Neliel being a former Espada, while Retsu is still a Captain of the Gotei 13. Also, while Neliel Tu was transformed into a kid by Szayel Aporro Granz, Retsu Unohana stays at her same current appearance.
 * Luppi - Gin Ichimaru: Luppi and Gin are highly similar in personality as they both share a similar passion of using sarcasm and polite mockery. There is also the fact that he and Gin were the only pair on good terms. The only difference between them is that Luppi tends to act more arrogant.